Internal-combustion engine



Jan, 13. 1925,

J. HAYES INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Original Filed March 1922 4Sheetsheet l Jan, 13. 1925y ,522,681

J. HAYES INTERNAL COMBUSTI ON ENGINE Original Filed Maich l, 922 4Sheets-Sheet 5 Jan. 13. 1925. 1,522,681

J. HAYES INTERNAL COMBUSTIN ENGINE Original Filed March J, 1922 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Egg: 27

Patented dan. l, 'i925 NETE@ STTE isaiasi J'Qm HAY OF BELLE VERNQN,PENNSYLVNA.

rrrrnnnaneoiannsrrorr nnern'n.

.application filed March 1, MEQ, Serial No. 540,21. Renewed Maya, 192s.

To all lwhom t may concern:

Be it @own that l, Jouir HA, a citizen ot the United States, residing atBelle Vernon, in the county oit Fayette and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certain new and useful improvements inilnternal-CombustionEngines, of which the following is a specication, reference being had tothe accompanying drawin. I

'lhis invention relates to certain improvements in internal combustionengines and it is an ob'ect of the invention to provide a device o thisgeneral character constructed in a novel and improved manner whereby thesame is -balanced in a manner to materially reduce vibration when theengine is in operation. I

lt is also an object of the invention to provide a novel and improvedengine of this type wherein the control of the ignition system isedectively maintained and wherein the engine is caused to operate with amaximum et power.

Another object of the invention is to provide an engine of this generalcharacter with novel and improved means whereby the iiitake of theexplosive charge or mixture is obtained in proper timed sequence andalso wherein a make and break mechanism tor the ignition system iscaused to function as re uired.

n additional object o the invention is to provide a novel and improvedengine of this type comprising a plurality of series of power units,each series coacting with a common shaft, together with means fortransmitting the force oi'. all of the shafts to a rotatable membercommon thereto.

Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel andimproved engine of this type constructed in a manner whereby readyaccess may be had to the various parts comprised therein to facilitaterepair and replacement.

The invention consists in the details of construction and in thecombination and arrangement ot the several parts of my im provedinternal combustion engine whereby certain important advantages areattained and the device rendered simpler, less expensive and otherwisemore convenient and advantageous for use, as will he hereinafter morefully set forth.

The novel features of my invention will hereinafter be denitely claimed.

ln order that my inventonmay be the better understood, l will nowproceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:

partly in section and partly in elevation il-A lustrating a valvemechanism for controlling the inlet of fuel within a cylinder;

Figure 6 is a fragmentary view in bottom plan t the structureillustrated in Figure 5; an

Figure 7 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially on the line 77 ot Figure 1, illustrating in detail the means for operating the makeand break mechanism comprised in the ignition system.

As disclosed in the accompanying drawings, B denotes a base of desireddimensions and configuration and which has bolted or otherwise securedthereon a block A.. 'lhe block A is cast to provide two parallel seriesof vertically disposed cylinders C, the cylinders of the series being ofequal number with the cylinders in each series a multiple of two.

Rotatably supported below each series of cylinders C is a crank shaft l,the cranks 2 ot said shaft being arranged in pairs with the cranks 2 oteach pair having the same throw and arranged in parallelism. rlihe pairsof cranks are in such relative angular relation as required. llt is alsoto be understood that the corresponding pairs of cranks 2 associatedwith both of the shafts l are complemental so that four pistons 3working within both the series ot cylinders travel in unison and in thesame direction. By this means, a maximum power is assured with a minimumof vibration.

ll-l denotes a head common to the cylinders C ot both series and whichhead is provided with the inlet ports l each of which is incommunication with a cylinder C. rllhe ports d oi each series otcylinders C are in com- Uit) ' inunication with an intake manifold Mcominon to the ports 4 of a single series. The inner end portion of eachof the vports 4 is formed into a valve sont?) with which coacts a valve6. The valve (i has extending outwardly and radially therefrom an arm orlng 7 which is also connected with the' lower or inserted end portion ofa red 8. lVhen the valve 6 is seated or in closed position, the arm orlug 7 seats within a notch or recess i) provided in the inner face ofthe head H immediately adjacent the inner end ot the port 4.

The rod 8 extends upwardly and freely through an opening 10 formed inthe. head H and the outer or extended end portion of the rod 8 issecured to the end portion of a cross member 11. Each cross member 11has secured thereto the rods 8 assoclated with the valves 6 arranged inthe cylinders C wherein each set of four pistons has unitary andcorresponding travel, as is clearly indicated in Figures 1 and 3.

In communication with the cylinders C of each series is an exhaustmanifold E, the point of connection between the manifold and eachcylinderbeing adjacent the head H, as is clearly illustrated in FigurevEach exhaust passage is normally closed 1n a well known manner by atappet valve 12, the stem 14 ofwhich extends below the cylinder U.Coacting with the stem 14 is an expansihle member or sprin 15 whichconstantly urges the valve 12 to lts seat.

The opposite end portions of the shafts l extend' exteriorly of theblock A or the hase Band each of said end portions is in drivingconnection, as at 16, with the trans- 4versely disposed shafts 17. Oneof the shafts 17 has its central portion in driving connection, as at18, with a longitudinally disposed shaft 19 carrying a ily or balancewheel 20 and from which power may be transmitted through the gear 21 orthe like also fixed to said shaft. The second shaft 17 has its oppositeend portions in driven connection, asat 22, with the outwardly directedshafts 23. These shafts 23 may be employed ,to transmit power to thepropeller shafts of an aeroplane or for any other purpose which may bedesired.

Rotatably supported by the lower portion of the block A below eachseries of stems 14 is a cam shaft 24 having fixed thereto the vains 25each of which camscoacts with a Astem 14. The cams 25 are. so arrangedto the cams 28 which engage the cross mem-4 bers l1 in proper timedsequence to effect the desired opening of the valves 6 and said shaft 27is in driven connection, as at 29, with one of the shafts 1. Each of themembers 11 has freely disposed therethrough the upstanding pins orshanks 30, said pins or Shanks 30 above each of the members 11 beingprovided with a head or enlargement 31. interposed between each of themembers 11 and head H and encircling the pins or Shanks 3() are theexpansible members 32 herein disclosed as coiled springs which operateto constantly urge the valves 6 toward their seats 5.

The head H also has in communication with each of the cylinders C anopening 33 in which is arranged a spark plug 34, the operating circuitfor which is normally open. Extending longitudinally of the head Hadjacent each pair of complementary cylinders C is a rock arm supportedbetween a pair of upstanding lugs or bearings 36. The arm 35 has a pairof inwardly directed arms 37 provided in their outer ends with thecontact members 38.

Substantially midway its length, the rock arm 34 is provided with anoutstanding lug or arm 39 with which is engaged an extremity of aretractile member or coiled spring 40, the opposite end portions of saidmember or spring being anchored, as at 41, to the head I-ll. Theretractile member or spring 40 serves to constantly rock the arm 35 in adirection to maintain the contact members v38 in an inoperativeposition. Upon depression of the arms 37, the contact members 38 areadapted to have requisite electrical connection with the spark plugs sothat the requisite firing will be had as 1 quired. f

Transversely opposed arms 35 operate in unison and in a manner to causesimultaneous firing of the plugs 34 associated with the four cylinders Cin which the pistons 3 have unitary and corresponding movement. In orderto effect this simultaneous movement of the arms 35, the centralportions` of said arms are provided with the inwardly directed lugs 42.Pivotally connected with these opposed lugs 42 are the end portions of across member 43. Extending outwardly from the central portion of each ofthe members 43 is an arm 44 continued by an upstanding extension orfinger 45. This nger 45 is positioned directly below a cam 46 carf riedby the shaft 27 so that, upon rotation of the shaft 27, the cross member43 will be forced downwardly in proper timed sequence to close theignition circuits for the fourassociated cylinders C.

From the foregoing description it is thought to be obvious that aninternal combustion engine constructed in accordance with my inventionis particularly well vadapted 'for use by reason of the conven- CFIience and facility with which it may be assembled and operated, and itWill also be obvious that my invention is susceptible of some change andmodication Without departing from the principles and spirit thereof andfor this reason I do not Wish to be understood as limiting myself to theprecise arrangement and formation of the several parts hereing shown lincarrying out my invention in practice except as hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head therefor, aninlet port disposed through the head, a valve working Within thecylinder and coacting With the inner end of the port, a rod slidablydisposed through the head adjacent to the port,

and an arm connecting the inserted end portions of the rod and thevalve', said arm being radial with respect to the valve.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a head therefor, aninlet port disposed through the head, a valve Working Within thecylinder and coacting With the inner end of the port, a rod slidablydisposed through the head adjacent to theport, and an arm connecting theinserted end portions of the rod and the valve, said arm being radialwith respect to the valve, the inner face of the head immediatelyadjacent the inner end of the port being provided with a recess toreceive the arm when the valve is in closed position.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aiix my signature.

JIIN HAYES.

